Creating a controller
Creating a controller is known as the “bootstrap process”. Controllers are created with the bootstrap
command.
The most common uses of the bootstrap
command use the following syntax:
juju bootstrap [--credential <credential>] <cloud>[/<region>] <controller-name>
The bootstrap
command takes many optional parameters. They are explained in the examples below.
You may not need to create your own controller to get started. If you are intending to use a public cloud, you can access JAAS, a hosted Juju controller service:
plain juju login jaas
You may also need to create an account with the Ubuntu SSO service.
Example Index
This page includes examples that show the various ways a controller can be created. The examples demonstrate configurations that can be applied to a cloud environment.
Basic Process
Advanced Examples
- Set default model constraints
- Set constraints for a controller
- Create a controller of a specific series
- Set model configuration keys
- Set model configuration keys both with a file and individually
- Create a controller using a non-default region
- Create a controller using a different MongoDB profile
- Use a custom charm store
- Change timeout and retry delays
- Create a new controller without changing contexts
- Configuring/enabling a remote syslog server
- Placing a controller on a specific MAAS node
- Specifying an agent version
- Passing a cloud-specific setting
- Include configuration options at the cloud level
Pre-requisites
To create a controller, you require:
- a cloud to be defined, and
- credentials for that cloud to be loaded
If you are starting with Juju, they may not be available yet. Start by adding a cloud, then add credentials, and return to this page.
Basic Process
Common invocation
A very common way to create a controller is by just specifying a cloud name and a controller name:
juju bootstrap aws aws-controller
Note that if a controller name is not specified one will be assigned based on the cloud name and the cloud’s default region.
Create a controller interactively
You can create a controller interactively by omitting a cloud name altogether:
juju bootstrap
You will be prompted for what cloud and region to use as well as the controller name. Do not use this method if you intend on specifying anything else.
Advanced
Configuring your cloud environment
During the bootstrap process, you are able to define many configuration options to tailor your deployment. The examples on this page describe how to apply them.
To learn more about configuration options available, see these resources:
Advanced Examples
Set default model constraints
Default constraints can be set for every model within a controller. This, in turn, affects the machines that will be created within those models.
Here, every machine, including the controller itself, will have at least 4GiB of memory:
juju bootstrap --constraints mem=4G localhost
See page Using constraints for details on constraints.
Set constraints for a controller
To request at least 4GiB of memory and two CPUs for an AWS controller:
juju bootstrap --bootstrap-constraints "mem=4G cores=2" aws
If any of the constraints are also used with --constraints
then the ones given via --bootstrap-constraints
will be used.
Create a controller of a specific series
The controller will be deployed upon Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic) by default.
Here, we name the resulting LXD controller ‘lxd-bionic’ to reflect that:
juju bootstrap localhost lxd-bionic
To select a different series the --bootstrap-series
option is used.
Below, a google (GCE) controller based on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (Xenial) is requested explicitly (and is given the name ‘gce-xenial’):
juju bootstrap --bootstrap-series=xenial google gce-xenial
Set model configuration keys
Model configuration keys can be set using either of the following two options:
--config
--model-default
The --config
option affects the initial models, ‘controller’ and ‘default’.
The --model-default
option affects the initial models as well as any subsequently added models (add-model
command) . The model-defaults
command can be used once the controller is created in order to achieve the same result.
To create a controller (named “vsp”) for cloud “vsphere” while specifying the vSphere datastore “xtian-ds1” for every model, including any future ones:
juju bootstrap --model-default datastore=xtian-ds1 vsphere vsp
Set model configuration keys both with a file and individually
This example demonstrates how to use both a previously defined configuration file (~/config-rackspace.yaml
) and individual configuration values. The latter values take precedence over those that may be included in the file:
juju bootstrap \
--config=~/config-rackspace.yaml \
--config image-stream=daily \
rackspace controller-rackspace
Create a controller using a non-default region
The clouds
command lists available clouds and denotes a default region for each. To specify a different region during controller creation:
juju bootstrap aws/us-west-2 mycontroller
This is where omitting a custom controller name could be appropriate, as doing so will result in a name based on the non-default region. Here the controller would be named ‘aws-us-west-2’:
juju bootstrap aws/us-west-2
Create a controller using a different MongoDB profile
MongoDB has two memory profile settings available, ‘default’ and ‘low’. The first setting is the profile shipped by default with MongoDB. The second is a more conservative memory profile that uses less memory. To select which one your controller uses when it is created, use:
juju bootstrap --config mongo-memory-profile=low
Use a custom charm store
Sometimes the charms you’re interested in do not yet reside in the default production charm store (https://api.jujucharms.com/charmstore
). In this case you can configure Juju to pull charms from an alternate source at controller creation time. Below, we create an OCI controller and pass the staging store URL:
juju bootstrap --config charmstore-url=https://api.staging.jujucharms.com/charmstore oci
Change timeout and retry delays
You can change the default timeout and retry delays used by Juju by setting the following keys in your configuration:
Key | Default (seconds) | Purpose |
---|---|---|
bootstrap-timeout | 600 | How long to wait for a connection to the controller |
bootstrap-retry-delay | 5 | How long to wait between connection attempts to a controller |
bootstrap-address-delay | 10 | How often to refresh controller addresses from the API server |
For example, to increase the timeout between the client and the controller from 10 minutes to 15, enter the value in seconds:
juju bootstrap --config bootstrap-timeout=900 localhost lxd-faraway
Create a new controller without changing contexts
When a new controller is created, by default, the context will change to the ‘default’ model of that controller. In some cases (e.g. when scripting) this may not be desirable. The --no-switch
option disables this behaviour:
juju bootstrap --no-switch localhost lxd-new
Configuring/enabling a remote syslog server
Create an Azure controller and configure for log forwarding:
juju bootstrap azure --config logconfig.yaml
To enable forwarding on all the controller’s models by default:
juju bootstrap azure --config logforward-enabled=true --config logconfig.yaml
See Remote logging for a more thorough treatment of log forwarding.
Placing a controller on a specific MAAS node
To create a controller and have it run on a specific MAAS node:
juju bootstrap maas-prod --to <host>.maas
Specifying an agent version
When a controller is created, it is possible to influence what agent version will be used across the controller and its models. This is covered in Agent versions and streams.
Passing a cloud-specific setting
A cloud setting can be done locally or, since v.2.6.0
, remotely (on a live cloud). Here, we’ll show how to do it locally (client cache).
In versions prior to v.2.6.0
the show-cloud
command only operates locally (there is no --local
option).
View if your chosen backing cloud has any special features and then pass the feature as an option.
Firstly, reveal any features:
juju show-cloud --local --include-config aws
The bottom portion of the output looks like this:
The available config options specific to ec2 clouds are:
vpc-id:
type: string
description: Use a specific AWS VPC ID (optional). When not specified, Juju requires
a default VPC or EC2-Classic features to be available for the account/region.
vpc-id-force:
type: bool
description: Force Juju to use the AWS VPC ID specified with vpc-id, when it fails
the minimum validation criteria. Not accepted without vpc-id
The VPC ID is obtained from the AWS web UI.
Secondly, create the controller by placing it (and its models) within it:
juju bootstrap --config vpc-id=vpc-86f7bbe1 aws
Cloud-specific features can also be passed to individual models during their creation (add-model
).
Include configuration options at the cloud level
Any settings passed via the --config
option can be included in the definition of a cloud. See General cloud management for how to do this.
Last updated a month ago.