From Zero to Hero: Write your first Kubernetes charm > Write integration tests for your charm
See previous: Write scenario tests for your charm
This document is part of a series, and we recommend you follow it in sequence. However, you can also jump straight in by checking out the code from the previous branches:
git clone https://github.com/canonical/juju-sdk-tutorial-k8s.git
cd juju-sdk-tutorial-k8s
git checkout 09_scenario_test
git checkout -b 10_integration_testing
A charm should function correctly not just in a mocked environment but also in a real deployment.
For example, it should be able to pack, deploy, and integrate without throwing exceptions or getting stuck in a waiting or a blocked status – that is, it should correctly reach a status of active or idle.
You can ensure this by writing integration tests for your charm. In the charming world, these are usually written with the pytest-operator library.
In this chapter you will write two small integration tests – one to check that the charm packs and deploys correctly and one to check that the charm integrates successfully with the PostgreSQL database.
Contents:
- Prepare your test environment
- Prepare your test directory
- Write and run a pack-and-deploy integration test
- Write and run an integrate-with-database integration test
- Review the final code
Prepare your test environment
In your tox.ini file, add the following new environment:
[testenv:integration]
description = Run integration tests
deps =
pytest
juju
pytest-operator
-r {tox_root}/requirements.txt
commands =
pytest -v \
-s \
--tb native \
--log-cli-level=INFO \
{posargs} \
{[vars]tests_path}/integration
Prepare your test directory
Create a tests/integration directory:
mkdir ~/fastapi-demo/tests/integration
Write and run a pack-and-deploy integration test
Let’s begin with the simplest possible integration test, a smoke test. This test will build and deploy the charm and verify that the installation hooks finish without any error.
In your tests/integration directory, create a file test_charm.py and add the following test case:
import asyncio
import logging
from pathlib import Path
import pytest
import yaml
from pytest_operator.plugin import OpsTest
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
METADATA = yaml.safe_load(Path('./charmcraft.yaml').read_text())
APP_NAME = METADATA['name']
@pytest.mark.abort_on_fail
async def test_build_and_deploy(ops_test: OpsTest):
"""Build the charm-under-test and deploy it together with related charms.
Assert on the unit status before any relations/configurations take place.
"""
# Build and deploy charm from local source folder
charm = await ops_test.build_charm('.')
resources = {
'demo-server-image': METADATA['resources']['demo-server-image']['upstream-source']
}
# Deploy the charm and wait for blocked/idle status
# The app will not be in active status as this requires a database relation
await asyncio.gather(
ops_test.model.deploy(charm, resources=resources, application_name=APP_NAME),
ops_test.model.wait_for_idle(
apps=[APP_NAME], status='blocked', raise_on_blocked=False, timeout=120
),
)
In your Multipass Ubuntu VM, run the test:
tox -e integration
The test takes some time to run as the pytest-operator running in the background will add a new model to an existing cluster (whose presence it assumes). If successful, it’ll verify that your charm can pack and deploy as expected.
Write and run an integrate-with-database integration test
The charm requires a database to be functional. Let’s verify that this behaviour works as intended. For that, we need to deploy a database to the test cluster and integrate both applications. Finally, we should check that the charm reports an active status.
In your tests/integration/test_charm.py file add the following test case:
@pytest.mark.abort_on_fail
async def test_database_integration(ops_test: OpsTest):
"""Verify that the charm integrates with the database.
Assert that the charm is active if the integration is established.
"""
await ops_test.model.deploy(
application_name='postgresql-k8s',
entity_url='postgresql-k8s',
channel='14/stable',
)
await ops_test.model.integrate(f'{APP_NAME}', 'postgresql-k8s')
await ops_test.model.wait_for_idle(
apps=[APP_NAME], status='active', raise_on_blocked=False, timeout=120
)
But if you run the one and then the other (as separate pytest ... invocations, then two separate models will be created unless you pass --model=some-existing-model to inform pytest-operator to use a model you provide.
In your Multipass Ubuntu VM, run the test again:
ubuntu@charm-dev:~/fastapi-demo$ tox -e integration
The test may again take some time to run.
Pro tip: To make things faster, use the --model=<existing model name> to inform pytest-operator to use the model it has created for the first test. Otherwise, charmers often have a way to cache their pack or deploy results; an example is https://github.com/canonical/spellbook .
When it’s done, the output should show two passing tests:
...
demo-api-charm/0 [idle] waiting: Waiting for database relation
INFO juju.model:model.py:2759 Waiting for model:
demo-api-charm/0 [idle] active:
PASSED
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- live log teardown --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:783 Model status:
Model Controller Cloud/Region Version SLA Timestamp
test-charm-2ara main-controller microk8s/localhost 3.1.5 unsupported 09:45:56+02:00
App Version Status Scale Charm Channel Rev Address Exposed Message
demo-api-charm 1.0.1 active 1 demo-api-charm 0 10.152.183.99 no
postgresql-k8s 14.7 active 1 postgresql-k8s 14/stable 73 10.152.183.50 no
Unit Workload Agent Address Ports Message
demo-api-charm/0* active idle 10.1.208.77
postgresql-k8s/0* active idle 10.1.208.107
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:789 Juju error logs:
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:877 Resetting model test-charm-2ara...
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:866 Destroying applications demo-api-charm
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:866 Destroying applications postgresql-k8s
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:882 Not waiting on reset to complete.
INFO pytest_operator.plugin:plugin.py:855 Forgetting main...
========================================================================================================================================================================== 2 passed in 290.23s (0:04:50) ==========================================================================================================================================================================
integration: OK (291.01=setup[0.04]+cmd[290.97] seconds)
congratulations :) (291.05 seconds)
Congratulations, with this integration test you have verified that your charms relation to PostgreSQL works as well!
Review the final code
For the full code see: 10_integration_testing
For a comparative view of the code before and after this doc see: Comparison
See next: Open a Kubernetes port in your charm
Contributors: @bschimke95, @mylesjp, @tony-meyer, @tmihoc, @james-garner